Analgesics are used to treat many types of pain; everything from mild headaches to severe pain caused by injury, surgery, or illnesses like cancer and arthritis.

The analgesics that are most effective at reducing moderate to severe pain are called opioids.

Opioids are similar to the chemicals found in opium, which is produced naturally in the poppy plant. Opioid analgesics include codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, and oxycodone.

Opioids and some other prescription medications have known effects and side effects. Three of these effects occur normally even when these medications are taken properly. Tolerance and physical dependence, for example, can develop in people taking these medications. If the medication is reduced or stopped abruptly, withdrawal symptoms can be experienced.

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